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DynamoDB Pricing Calculator

DynamoDB pricing is a double-edged sword. While it provides infinite scalability, it can also drain out your wallet pretty quickly. Forecast your DynamoDB costs with this simple calculator.

Choose pricing model

On-Demand

Pay for WRU (Write Request Units) and RRU (Read Request Units).

Priced $1.25 per million operations and $0.25 per million operations respectively.

For strongly consistent operations:
One WRU = 1 write operation with item size up to 1KB
One RRU = 1 read operation with item size up to 4KB per second
For eventually consistent divide by 2, for transactional multiply by 2

Provisioned Capacity

Pay for provisioned number of RCU (Read Capacity Units) and WCU (Write Capacity Units).

Billed $0.00013 per RCU/h and $0.00065 per WCU/h.

For strongly consistent operations:
One WRU = 1 write operation with item size up to 1KB
One RRU = 1 read operation with item size up to 4KB
For eventually consistent divide by 2, for transactional multiply by 2

In which region is the Table going to be hosted?

How many WCUs (Write Capacity Units) do you want to provision?

($0.006500 per hour)

How many RCUs (Read Capacity Units) do you want to provision?

($0.001300 per hour)

How much data will there be in the table?

GB

($6.25 per month)

How much data (in RRU) will be read from DynamoDB Streams?

Data from DynamoDB Streams is read using GetRecords API call. Each of these calls is billed on RRU basis and returns up to 1MB of data. Stream RRU are independent from Table RRU.

units per month

($0.00 per month)

Includes 25 WCUs and 25 RCUs of provisioned capacity, 25 GB of data storage and 2,500,000 DynamoDB Streams read requests

~0.00 USD per month

Additional charges related to Data Transfer, Backups, DAX and Global Tables might apply depending on usage.

Don't know how many WCUs and RCUs get consumed by your item(s)? Use our DynamoDB Item Size Calculator

DynamoDB Cost Optimization - Best Practices

Because Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed database where a user does not provision any machines, the pricing is not as straight forward. While the tool above can help with forecasting the costs, the pricing optimization techniques are a bit different. Below are 10 tips that can help you lower your DynamoDB costs:

1. Use cheaper regions

If you are not concerned about your data's location because you don't need to meet any regulations or compliance standards, you can provision your tables in regions where it's cheaper. For example, if your table will have 100GB of data, the storage will cost $28.50 per month in Tokyo (ap-northeast-1), $29.72 per month in London (eu-west-2), or even $37.50 per month in Sao Paulo (sa-east-1).

The cheapest regions are us-east-1, us-east-2 and us-west-2 costing $0.25 per GB/month, $0.00065 per WCU/hour and $0.00013 per RCU/hour.

2. Use shorter attribute names

Because DynamoDB in both On-Demand and Provisioned capacity mode uses size-dependent billing units (1 WCU/WRU = 1KB, 1 RCU/RRU = 4KB), plus, you're paying for storage too, you should always aim to make your records as small as possible. If making attribute values is not an option, try making attribute names shorter. This helps you reduce the amount of storage required for your data. Moreover, when storing dates, you can choose the epoch time format instead of ISO dates because it's shorter too. It also makes your items compatible with DynamoDB's TTL feature.

3. Be aware of huge blobs

Saving images in DynamoDB can quickly skyrocket costs. It's very inefficient, and you should rather store all images or linked assets in S3 and save the URL pointing to it in DDB. If that's not an option, consider using compression algorithms like gzip to make blobs smaller before saving them.

4. Prefer queries over scans

DynamoDB has two ways of fetching a set of records from it: Query and Scan. While the query is using partition and sort key to get the desired piece of data fast and directly, the scan, on the other hand, is "scanning" through your whole table. The difference here is that while in Query, you are charged only for items which are returned, in scan case, you're being charged for all the rows scanned, not the total amount of items returned.

5. Avoid strongly consistent reads and transactions where possible

DynamoDB uses eventually consistent data model. It means that updates are propagated across all storage locations, usually within one second or less. However, DynamoDB supports strongly consistent reads too, but with an additional cost. Strongly consistent reads require a double amount of Read request/capacity units than the eventually consistent reads.

6. When using GSIs, think about Attribute Projections

Attribute Projections specify which attributes are available when querying for data using Global Secondary Index. Sometimes, when accessing the data using GSIs, not all attributes are needed. Reducing the amount of data available in GSIs by using Attribute Projection `KEYS_ONLY` or `INCLUDES` instead of `ALL` will reduce the amount of data kept in GSI significantly thereby lowering not only the costs storage but also consume less read/write units when accessing or updating the data.

7. Use on-demand mode wisely

As Yan Cui demonstrated in his blog post, "rough estimate suggests that on-demand tables are around 5–6 times more expensive per request compared to a provisioned table". Conclusion: if your workload has steady utilization without sudden spikes, consider going with provisioned mode with autoscaling enabled.

8. Use reserved capacity

When using provisioned capacity mode and your capacity is bigger than 100 units, you can also consider purchasing reserved capacity. For a three year term, reserved capacity provides a 76% discount, and for a one year term, reserved capacity provides a 53% discount when compared to provisioned throughput capacity.

9. Remove unnecessary items

To minimize the storage costs, aim to always purge unnecessary data. If your business does not have to keep the events older than X days, you can leverage the TTL functionality.

Moreover, if you have any many-to-many relationships, remember that you need to take care of "orphaned records" on your own. As DynamoDB is not a relational database, it does not have an `ON DELETE CASCADE` feature like many RDBMS.

10. Do not overuse GSIs

DynamoDB automatically copies the right set of attributes to any indices where the attributes must exist. This increases the costs of your storage because of the additional space used. In detail, it is a sum of:

  • Byte size of table primary key
  • Byte size of index key attribute
  • Byte size of projected attributes
  • 100 byte-overhead per index item

Frequently Asked Questions

How expensive is DynamoDB?

DynamoDB costs can vary from being completely free to infinite depending on the amount of data you store and amount read/write throughput. Use our DynamoDB Costs Calculator above to estimate the costs of your tables. Keep in mind that you can lower the costs a bit by applying the DynamoDB Free Tier.

What pricing models are available for DynamoDB?

There are two basic pricing models for DynamoDB.

  1. Provisioned Capacity - billed on an hourly basis per provisioned number of RCU (Read Capacity Units) and WCU (Write Capacity Units) Keep in mind that provisioned capacity supports autoscaling, so the number of capacity units can dynamically adapt to the traffic. Moreover, you can purchase reserved capacity to obtain discounts in exchange for commitment to a certain usage level and upfront payment.

  2. On-demand - billed on a request basis per WRU (Write Request Units) and RRU (Read Request Units). Truly Serverless offering where you pay only for the requests made. However, DynamoDB on demand pricing tends to be more expensive for production workloads.

More details and differences here

Is there a cost for individual DynamoDB tables?

DynamoDB Tables on its own are totally free. However, you’re billed for:

  • Amount of data stored
  • Amount of data written and read
  • Data transfer
  • Backups and restore operations
  • DynamoDB Streams
  • Replicated write request units when using Global Tables

What is DynamoDB GSI Cost?

Maintaining each Index adds 100 bytes of storage overhead per item, so your storage costs will be increased.

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